Addition
Addition (often signified by the plus symbol "+") is one of the four elementary, mathematical operations of arithmetic, with the others being subtraction, multiplication and division.
(TO DO: organize, cross-reference.)
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Description
The addition of two whole numbers is the total amount of those quantities combined. For example, in the picture on the right, there is a combination of three apples and two apples together; making a total of 5 apples. This observation is equivalent to the mathematical expression "3 + 2 = 5" i.e., "3 add 2 is equal to 5".
Besides counting fruits, addition can also represent combining other physical objects.
Using systematic generalizations, addition can also be defined on more abstract quantities, such as:
Arithmetic
In arithmetic, rules for addition involving fractions and negative numbers have been devised, among others.
Algebra
In algebra, addition is studied more abstractly.
Properties of addition
Addition has several important properties.
- It is commutative, meaning that order does not matter
- It is associative, meaning that when one adds more than two numbers, the order in which addition is performed does not matter (see Summation)
Repeated addition of 1 is the same as counting
Addition of 0 does not change a number.
Addition also obeys predictable rules concerning related operations such as subtraction and multiplication.
Significance
Performing addition is one of the simplest numerical tasks.
Addition of very small numbers is accessible to toddlers; the most basic task, 1 + 1, can be performed by infants as young as five months and even some non-human animals.
In primary education, students are taught to add numbers in the decimal system, starting with single digits and progressively tackling more difficult problems.
Mechanical aids range from the ancient abacus to the modern computer, where research on the most efficient implementations of addition continues to this day.
See also
External links
- [ ] @ Wikipedia
