Futures and promises
In computer science, future, promise, delay, and deferred refer to constructs used for synchronizing program execution in some concurrent programming languages.
They describe an object that acts as a proxy for a result that is initially unknown, usually because the computation of its value is yet incomplete.
Description
The term promise was proposed in 1976 by Daniel P. Friedman and David Wise; Peter Hibbard called it eventual.
A somewhat similar concept future was introduced in 1977 in a paper by Henry Baker and Carl Hewitt.
The terms future, promise, delay, and deferred are often used interchangeably, although some differences in usage between future and promise are treated below. Specifically, when usage is distinguished, a future is a read-only placeholder view of a variable, while a promise is a writable, single assignment container which sets the value of the future.
Notably, a future may be defined without specifying which specific promise will set its value, and different possible promises may set the value of a given future, though this can be done only once for a given future.
In other cases a future and a promise are created together and associated with each other: the future is the value, the promise is the function that sets the value – essentially the return value (future) of an asynchronous function (promise). Setting the value of a future is also called resolving, fulfilling, or binding it.
See also
External links
- Futures and promises @ Wikipedia.org
- Promises by Forbes Lindesay
- Promises are first-class objects for function calls by Terry Jones
Native JavaScript
- Promises | Web fundamentals - Promises have arrived natively in JavaScript
- Promise @ developer.mozilla.org
- Promise.all() @ developer.mozilla.org
- JavaScript Promise API by David Walsh
- JavaScript Promises by Jake Archibald
- ES6 Promises by Dave Atchley
- Overview of JavaScript Promises by Sandeep Panda
- Promises for asynchronous programming @ exploringjs.com
- Embracing Promises in JavaScript
- Using Javascript native promises, resolve a promise after thenables attached @ Stack Overflow
- Native Support for Promises in Node.js @ Stack Overflow
- Best Practices for Using Promises in JS by Oleksii Rudenko
- JavaScript Promises ... In Wicked Detail by Matt Greer
- How to Chain JavaScript Promises – Intro Tutorial to JavaScript Promises by Pablo Farias Navarro
- Native Javascript Promises vs Bluebird by Nazar Aziz
- Pure JS Promise (Native) by Stenly Tan
- Testing JavaScript's native Promises by Paul Meskers
- How to Use Javascript Promises by Jordan Leigh @ YouTube
- Promise Object (JavaScript) @ MSDN
Sinon.js
- Stubbing JavaScript Promises with SinonJS by Jonny Reeves
