Linking number

In mathematics, the linking number is a numerical invariant that describes the linking of two closed curves in three-dimensional space.

Description

Intuitively, the linking number represents the number of times that each curve winds around the other.

The linking number is always an integer, but may be positive or negative depending on the orientation of the two curves.

The linking number was introduced by Carl Friedrich Gauss in the form of the linking integral.

It is an important object of study in knot theory, algebraic topology, and differential geometry, and has numerous applications in mathematics and science, including quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and the study of DNA supercoiling.