Ethernet
Ethernet /ˈiːθərnɛt/ is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
Description
It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, and has since been refined to support higher bit rates and longer link distances.
Over time, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies such as token ring, FDDI and ARCNET.
The original 10BASE5 Ethernet uses coaxial cable as a shared medium, while the newer Ethernet variants use twisted pair and fiber optic links in conjunction with hubs or switches.
Over the course of its history, Ethernet data transfer rates have been increased from the original 2.94 megabits per second (Mbit/s) to the latest (May 2016) 100 gigabits per second (Gbit/s), with 400 Gbit/s expected by late 2017.
The Ethernet standards comprise several wiring and signaling variants of the OSI physical layer in use with Ethernet.
Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into shorter pieces called frames. Each frame contains source and destination addresses, and error-checking data so that damaged frames can be detected and discarded; most often, higher-layer protocols trigger retransmission of lost frames. As per the OSI model, Ethernet provides services up to and including the data link layer.
Since its commercial release, Ethernet has retained a good degree of backward compatibility. Features such as the 48-bit MAC address and Ethernet frame format have influenced other networking protocols. The primary alternative for some uses of contemporary LANs is Wi-Fi, a wireless protocol standardized as IEEE 802.11.
See also
- 5-4-3 rule
- ARCNET
- Chaosnet
- Computer network
- Error 33
- Ethernet crossover cable
- Fiber media converter
- Industrial Ethernet
- List of device bit rates
- LocalTalk
- Metro Ethernet
- PHY (chip)
- Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
- Power over Ethernet
- Sneakernet
- Wake-on-LAN
External links
- Ethernet @ Wikipedia
