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2016-04-26T03:19:25Z

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Karl Jones: Created page with "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer science: '''Computer science''' (also called computing science) is the study of the theo..."

2016-03-15T18:07:46Z

Created page with "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer science: '''Computer science''' (also called computing science) is the study of the theo..."

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer science:

'''[[Computer science]]''' (also called computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of [[information]] and [[computation]] and their implementation and application in [[computer systems]].

One well known subject classification system for computer science is the [[ACM Computing Classification System]] devised by the Association for Computing Machinery.

== What type of thing is computer science? ==

Computer science can be described as all of the following:

* [[Academic discipline]]
* [[Science]]
* [[Applied science]]

== Web programming and web designing ==

* [[Web programming]]
* [[Web designing]]

== Mathematical foundations ==

* [[Coding theory]] – Useful in [[networking]] and other areas where computers communicate with each other.
* [[Game theory]] – Useful in [[artificial intelligence]] and [[cybernetics]].
* [[Graph theory]] – Foundations for [[data structures]] and [[searching algorithms]].
* [[Mathematical logic]] – [[Boolean logic]] and other ways of modeling logical queries; the uses and limitations of [[formal proof methods]]
* [[Number theory]] – [[Theory of the integers]]. Used in [[cryptography]] as well as a [[test domain]] in [[artificial intelligence]].

== Algorithms and data structures ==

* [[Algorithms]] – [[Sequential computation]] and [[parallel computational]] procedures for solving a wide range of problems.
* [[Data structures]] – The organization and manipulation of [[data]].

== Artificial intelligence ==

Main article: [[Outline of artificial intelligence]]

* [[Artificial intelligence]] – The implementation and study of systems that exhibit an autonomous intelligence or behavior of their own.
* [[Automated reasoning]] – Solving engines, such as used in [[Prolog]], which produce steps to a result given a query on a fact and rule database, and automated theorem provers that aim to prove mathematical theorems with some assistance from a programmer.
* [[Computer vision]] – Algorithms for identifying three-dimensional objects from a two-dimensional picture.
* [[Machine learning]] – Automated creation of a set of rules and axioms based on input.
* [[Natural language processing]] - Building systems and algorithms that analyze, understand, and generate natural (human) languages.
* [[Robotics]] – Algorithms for controlling the behavior of robots.

== Communication and security ==

* [[Networking]] – Algorithms and protocols for reliably communicating data across different shared or dedicated media, often including [[error correction]].
* [[Computer security]] – Practical aspects of securing computer systems and computer networks.
* [[Cryptograph]]y – Applies results from [[complexity]], [[probability]], [[algebra]] and [[number theory]] to invent and break [[codes]], and analyze the security of [[cryptographic protocols]].

== Computer architecture ==

* [[Computer architecture]] – The design, organization, optimization and verification of a computer system, mostly about CPUs and Memory subsystem (and the bus connecting them).
* [[Operating systems]] – Systems for managing computer programs and providing the basis of a usable system.

== Computer graphics ==

* [[Computer graphics]] – Algorithms both for generating visual images synthetically, and for integrating or altering visual and spatial information sampled from the real world.
* [[Image processing]] – Determining information from an image through computation.

== Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems ==

* [[Concurrency]] – The theory and practice of simultaneous computation; [[data safety]] in any [[multitasking]] or [[multithreaded]] environment.
* [[Parallel computing]] – Computing using multiple concurrent threads of execution, devising algorithms for solving problems on multiple processors to achieve maximal speed-up compared to sequential execution.
* [[Distributed computing]] – Computing using multiple computing devices over a network to accomplish a common objective or task and thereby reducing the latency involved in single processor contributions for any task.

== Databases ==

* [[Relational databases]] – the set theoretic and algorithmic foundation of databases.
* [[Structured Storage]] - non-relational databases such as NoSQL databases.
* [[Data mining]] – Study of algorithms for searching and processing information in documents and databases; closely related to information retrieval.

== Programming languages and compilers ==

* [[Compiler theory]] – Theory of compiler design, based on Automata theory.
* [[Programming language pragmatics]] – [[Taxonomy]] of programming languages, their strength and weaknesses. Various programming paradigms, such as [[object-oriented programming]].
* [[Programming language theory]]
* [[Formal semantics]] – rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programs.
* [[Type theory]] – Formal analysis of the types of data, and the use of these types to understand properties of programs — especially [[program safety]].

== Scientific computing ==

* [[Computational science]] – constructing [[mathematical models]] and [[quantitative analysis]] techniques and using computers to analyze and solve scientific problems.
* [[Numerical analysis]] – Approximate numerical solution of mathematical problems such as root-finding, integration, the solution of [[ordinary differential equations]]; the approximation of special functions.
* [[Symbolic computation]] – Manipulation and solution of expressions in symbolic form, also known as [[Computer algebra]].
* [[Computational physics]] – Numerical simulations of large non-analytic systems
* [[Computational chemistry]] – Computational modelling of theoretical chemistry in order to determine chemical structures and properties
* [[Bioinformatics]] and [[Computational biology]] – The use of computer science to maintain, analyse, store biological data and to assist in solving biological problems such as Protein folding, function prediction and Phylogeny.
* [[Computational neuroscience]] – Computational modelling of neurophysiology.

== Software engineering ==

* [[Formal methods]] – Mathematical approaches for describing and reasoning about software designs.
* [[Software engineering]] – The principles and practice of designing, developing, and testing programs, as well as proper [[engineering]] practices.
* [[Algorithm design]] – Using ideas from [[algorithm theory]] to creatively design solutions to real tasks.
* [[Computer programming]] – The practice of using a [[programming language]] to implement [[algorithms]].
* [[Human–computer interaction]] – The study and design of [[computer interfaces]] that people use.
* [[Reverse engineering]] – The application of the scientific method to the understanding of arbitrary existing software.

== Theory of computation ==

Main article: [[Theory of computation]]

* [[Automata theory]] – Different logical structures for solving problems.
* [[Computability theory]] – What is calculable with the current models of computers. Proofs developed by [[Alan Turing]] and others provide insight into the possibilities of what may be computed and what may not.
* [[List of unsolved problems in computer science]]
* [[Computational complexity theory]] – Fundamental bounds (especially time and storage space) on classes of computations.
* [[Quantum computing theory]] – Explores computational models involving quantum superposition of bits.

== History of computer science ==

See [[History of computer science]]

== Fields ==

* [[Programmer]]
* [[Software engineer]]
* [[Software architect]]
* [[Software developer]]
* [[Software tester]]
* [[Interaction designer]]

== Basic concepts ==

* [[Data structure]]
* [[Data type]]
* [[Associative array and Hash table]]
* [[Array]]
* [[List]]
* [[Tree]]
* [[String]]
* [[Matrix (computer science)]]
* [[Database]]
* [[Abstraction]]
* [[Big O notation]]
* [[Closure]]
* [[Compiler]]

== Programming paradigms ==

* [[Imperative programming]]/Procedural programming
* [[Functional programming]]
* [[Logic programming]]
* [[Object oriented programming]]

== Classes and objects ==

* [[Class]]
* [[Inheritance]]
* [[Object]]

== See also ==

* [[Cognitive science]]

== External links ==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_computer_science Outline of computer science] @ Wikipedia

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Outline of computer science - Revision history

Karl Jones: /* External links */

Karl Jones: Created page with "The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to computer science: '''Computer science''' (also called computing science) is the study of the theo..."