View source for Swarm intelligence

'''Swarm intelligence''' ('''SI''') is the [[collective behavior]] of [[Decentralization|decentralized]], [[Self-organization|self-organized systems]], natural or artificial.

The concept is employed in work on [[artificial intelligence]].

== Description ==

The expression was introduced by [[Gerardo Beni]] and Jing Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems.

SI systems consist typically of a population of simple [[intelligent agents]] (for example, [[Boids]]) interacting locally with one another and with their environment.

The inspiration often comes from nature, especially biological systems. 

The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the [[emergence]] of "intelligent" global behavior, unknown to the individual agents.

Examples in natural systems of SI include [[Ant colony|ant colonies]], bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling, and [[Microbial intelligence|microbial intelligence]].

The application of swarm principles to robots is called swarm robotics, while 'swarm intelligence' refers to the more general set of [[Algorithm|algorithms]].

'Swarm prediction' has been used in the context of forecasting problems.

== See also ==

* [[Artificial immune systems]]
* [[Boids]]
* [[Collective behavior]]
* [[Collective intelligence]]
* [[Collaborative intelligence]]
* [[Decentralization]]
* [[Group intelligence]]
* [[Cellular automaton]]
* [[Complex systems]]
* [[Differential evolution]]
* [[Evolutionary algorithm]]
* [[Evolutionary computation]]
* [[Global brain]]
* [[Harmony search]]
* [[Intelligenct agent]]
* [[Metaheuristic]]
* [[Microbial intelligence]]
* [[Multi-agent system]]
* [[Myrmecology]]
* [[Promise theory]]
* [[Quorum sensing]]
* [[Reinforcement learning]]
* [[Rule 110]]
* [[Self-organization]]
* [[Self-organized criticality]]
* [[Stochastic optimization]]
* [[Swarm Development Group]]
* [[Swarming]]
* [[SwisTrack]]
* [[Symmetry breaking of escaping ants]]
* ''[[The Wisdom of Crowds]]''
* [[Wisdom of the crowd]]

== External links ==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_intelligence Swarm intelligence] @ Wikipedia


[[Category:Artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Biology]]
[[Category:Computation]]